How Does Tourism Affect Hong Kong?

In this piece of coursework, I will keep a diary of primary and secondary data and analyze them so that it can explain to me the circumstances which Hong Kong tourism is facing and how it can be improved in the future. It also explains the advantages and disadvantages which tourism brings to Hong Kong. How I did it? What information was needed? In my piece of coursework, I will use a mixture of primary data such as questionnaires for tourists which I have designed and secondary data such as cuttings from newspaper and magazines. The questionnaire which I designed was used at hot tourist attractions in Hong Kong such as the Peak, Tsim Sha Tsui waterfront, Stanley and the Star Ferry. My questionnaire was designed to get an impression of Hong Kong from a tourist's point of view. The secondary data such as newspaper and internet articles which I collected explains to me the current state of tourism in Hong Kong. How does tourism affect Hong Kong economically? Tourism is one of the biggest industries in Hong Kong. In fact from research, Hong Kong is one of the most popular single destinations for tourists in the world. Hong Kong relies very heavily on tourism. Without tourism there wouldn't be Hong Kong. Each year, Hong Kong brings in more than 10 million tourists. However, there are both advantages and disadvantages of the large tourism industry in Hong Kong. Social Costs and Benefits Firstly, tourism brings to Hong Kong both private costs benefits, as well as social costs benefits. Private costs are costs paid by economic decision makers. Private benefit is benefit received by economic decision makers. Social costs and social benefits are costs and benefits associated with the society. * Private Benefit + External Benefit = Social Benefit * Private Cost + External Cost = Social Cost You can read also Classifications of Restaurants This Social Cost and Benefit graph clearly shows the system of tourism. The private cost of tourism is the money spent by the government or private sectors to lure more tourists into Hong Kong. This could mean building more landmarks and tourist attractions or improving the surrounding environment. On the other hand, private benefit is when bringing in more tourists, a higher level of employment level could be achieved as the companies would be much more likely co hire more labour to improve the company's service and efficiency to make more money from the tourists. The external cost of tourism is resulted from the usage of Hong Kong's land to produce landmarks to attract coming tourists. External cost of tourism also includes environment damage or loss of greenery. The external benefits of tourism is when the local companies improves their services in order to attract tourists, there would be a higher standard of living for the local residents. The opportunity cost of the tourism industry is the next best alternative. If land is not used up to create build landmarks for tourists, the next best more might be to build better schools for improved education. For the society, the total benefit is the private benefit + external benefit, or in other words the social benefit. Only when the social benefit exceeds pass social cost will the tourism industry be beneficial to Hong Kong. Therefore, the role of both the government and private sectors is to decide to produce the right amount of services to make the tourism industry beneficial to Hong Kong. Circular Flow of Income A circular flow of income could be suited to the tourism industry. In a circular flow of income diagram, it shows the flow of money around the economy as it as passed between consumers and producers over time. The withdrawals from an economy is the money which is paid for goods and services what are produced within the economy such as tax and savings. Injections are the government expenditures, investments or exports. Sometimes in the short term, withdrawals might exceed injection, however if the injection in the long run is more than that of withdrawals, there will be economic growth. National Income The tourism industry plays a large role in contributing to the national income of Hong Kong. It is researched that a tourist is more likely to spend more money during their holiday weeks than any other week of the year. Therefore when tourists visit Hong Kong, they tend to spend a large proportion of their savings all in the particular visit to Hong Kong. The income from the tourism industry is mainly contributed by hotels, restaurants, amusement parks, shopping, and tourist attractions. From research, in the year 2001, each tourist visiting Hong Kong spent an average of $4532HKD. This extra spending from tourists leads to a total addition to the GDP of Hong Kong. It also leads to more income by both private and public sectors. As more income is made by private sectors, the government would therefore tend to collect more tax revenue. They can use this money to spend of schools and colleges, hospitals, roads and many other services which would benefit us all. When the National Income per capita exceeds the number from the previous year, we say there is economic growth. Economic Growth Hong Kong, like any other economies grows from booms and suffers from slumps. But in the long term the economy continues to grow. During a boom, the standards of living are high because the unemployment level is low meaning everyone has a job to earn money. More money means more spending to satisfy people's needs and wants. However during a boom, there is also a high inflation rate and a high deficit for the balance of payment. In a slump, or in other words a recession, the standards of living are low because of a high unemployment level. Less people are hired for services meaning less people have money to spend for satisfying their needs and wants. But on the other hand, the inflation level is low and there is also a low deficit for balance of payment. As you probably know, the impact of SARS on Hong Kong tourism industry has been greatly damaging. During the SARS period, Hong Kong headed into a slump, in other words a recession. When a recession occurs, there are many negative effects to the economy. For example, the standard of living might drop, demand for goods might decrease, high unemployment level, deflation and much more. From the graph below, it clearly shows that during April 2003 to July 2003, the average visitor arrival has dropped magnificently from a monthly average of 1,347,386 to 493,666. This was due to the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome. Because the tourists were tried their best to avoid nearing not only Hong Kong but the Asian region as well where SARS was most devastating, there was a huge decrease in the tourism industry in the South East Asian Region. A lot less income was received by the local firms from tourists coming into Hong Kong. Even if tourists were to visit Hong Kong, they stayed for much shorter periods. However, the tourism industry as shown from below has begun to bounce back earlier than many expected. Attractions offered to Overseas Visitors Hong Kong has known to be â€Å"The City of Life†. But has Hong Kong lived to its reputation? Are tourists who visit Hong Kong satisfied by the attractions which Hong Kong has to offer? According to the primary data which I collected from my surveys at different tourist points. I have found out that most tourists like to visit attractions such as The Peak, Stanley and the Big Buddha located on Lantau Island. These are the three most popular attractions in Hong Kong. However, the list goes on. Whether it's the museums, great restaurants or the exciting nightlife, the Hong Kong tourism association tries their best to guarantee to offer a tourist an unforgettable experience. Tourist Attractions – Hong Kong provides fun-filled experiences for tourists. The top tourist attractions include: * The Peak Tower- The peak tower is definitely the place for tourists to visit if they want to take an overview of the magnificent infrastructures of Hong Kong. The Peak Tower has a wide range of restaurants and food outlets plus novelty shops where visitors can get a souvenir to preserve their memories of their exciting experience. A good idea of reaching The Peak Tower could be taking a ride on the Peak Tram where on the way up, a good overview of Hong Kong could be captured. * Stanley Market – The Stanley Market is one of Hong Kong's most popular destinations for overseas visitors. It fulfills a tourist's day with both fun-filled shopping and relaxation. The Stanley Market is an open-aired market where souvenirs could be bought at a bargainable price. * The Big Buddha – The Big Buddha is located on one of the out lying islands in Lantau. The Big Buddha statue weighs more than 220 tonnes and sits 24.6 meters high opposite the Po Lin Monetary on the hillside of Ngong Ping in Lantau Island. * Ocean Park – Ocean Park is the one and only joint zoo and amusement park in Hong Kong. Located in the southern part of Hong Kong, the Park exceeds more than 200 acre of land. Ocean Park provides a mixed experience of education and fun. Built in 1977, it was primarily to promote animal preservation in Hong Kong. Very soon, it became very popular with both tourists and local residents developing into an amusement park. Overtime, the park has been renovated and updated with the top entertainment facilities. Shopping – Hong Kong has grown into the reputation for a shopping paradise. The shopping malls such as Times Square and Pacific Place provide tourists with famous designer labels at a reasonable price. On the other hand the open-air market places such as Stanley and Temple Street gives tourists a taste of the cultural life in Hong Kong as well as providing memorable souvenirs which could be bought at a low price. Cuisine – The international city of Hong Kong provides tourists with a rich variety of cuisines ranging from Asian dishes to Western buffets. You name it, Hong Kong has it. Restaurants are located everywhere in Hong Kong. * Lan Kwai Fong – Lan Kwai Fong is a very popular destination among incoming tourists as it provides many western style restaurants along with bars and nightclubs. * Jumbo Floating Restaurant – The Jumbo Restaurant is the world's largest floating restaurant. At anytime, the ship can hold up to 3200 customers and employed with more than 300 staff members. At the Jumbo Restaurant, tourists have a chance to try the sea-food of which local residents would normally eat. Neighboring Cities – The neighboring cities of Hong Kong, including Macau and Shenzhen adds to a tourist's to-do list during their visit to Hong Kong. Tourists can take advantage of the convenient transportation to and from these cities. What needs to be improved and how can this be done? What is being done already and how successful has it been? Although Hong Kong already has sufficient top tourist attractions, in order for them to lure tourists into come again, many things have to be done and improved. For example, improve the quality of the provided attractions or even to build new landmarks. In the past few years, the Hong Kong Government has planned to develop five major tourism clusters in the territory with a view to enhancing the attractiveness of Hong Kong as a premier tourist destination. The five tourism clusters cover a wide range of projects, which are at various stages of development. A number of enhancement projects are being carried out to give a facelift to the existing popular tourist areas including the Central and Western District, Sai Kung waterfront and Lei Yue Mun. Other improvement schemes coming on stream include those at the Tsim Sha Tsui Promenade, Stanley waterfront and the Peak. Visitor signage is being installed in all 18 districts to make Hong Kong more tourists friendly. A number of major projects are also under way. Phase 1 of Hong Kong Disneyland, Tung Chung Cable Car and Hong Kong Wetland Park are all scheduled for completion in 2005. To enrich the heritage tourism products, the Government has awarded to the private sector the development right to restore and convert the former Marine Police Headquarters (MPHQ) compound into a tourism-themed development. Planning work is being conducted for the development of the south-east Kowloon tourism node, the integrated arts, cultural and entertainment district at West Kowloon Reclamation and the preservation and conservation of the Central Police Station, Victoria Prison and the former Central Magistracy compound into a heritage-themed development. The Hong Kong Government is also working with the Ocean Park in the strategic development plan of the park, which will form the basis for the development plan of the Aberdeen Harbour tourism node. Also taking forward a Harbour Lighting Plan to enhance the night vista of Victoria Harbour with the use of modern, energy efficient technology. The promotion of tourism is not simply about construction of new facilities. The Government has not lost sight of the fact that Hong Kong's traditions, offering visitors a fascinating insight into Hong Kong and Chinese history by providing museums and other The HKTB also offers a culture and lifestyle experience program called Cultural Kaleidoscope, enabling visitors to try out tai chi and kung fu, or appreciate the arts of Cantonese opera, Chinese tea preparation, Chinese antiques and feng shui. With the building of the World's third Disney theme park outside the United States, millions of people are sure to want to have a taste of the action. Tourists who have visited Hong Kong once already would probably come back again to visit this new theme park. This project would surely attract more overseas tourists to transit to Hong Kong. Mr. Donald Tsang, the financial secretary spoke of the many benefits to Hong Kong's economy from this Disneyland project. He describes the project as an infrastructure investment and he said it would cause returns not only for the government, â€Å"but for ordinary people who are operating restaurants in Hong Kong. Our hotels will benefit. Our tourist industry will benefit. Our airlines will benefit. And all the retail shops will benefit as a result of more tourists coming to Hong Kong†. The construction of the new Disney Land will definitely bring more tourists into Hong Kong by 2005. Although the Park is mainly aimed at mainland Chinese tourists rather than western tourists, mainland Chinese tourists already make up more than 85% of the total visiting tourist. The Hong Kong Government has also planned many campaigns recently after the SARS period to boost its economy. The campaigns included the Hong Kong Super Draw and the Harbour Fest. Through August and September, the Hong Kong government held a Super Draw campaign to encourage spending within both local residents and tourists. The draw allows a chance to prizes totaling up to $15 million. To enter the super draw, participants must spend at least $100 in three different areas; dining, shopping and transport. For each $100 they spend, they will be given a stamp. A collection of all three stamps will be eligible to enter the super draw. The second campaign which the government held after the SARS crisis was Harbour Fest. The Harbour Fest is music festival featuring both International and Local pop stars. The aim was to attract tourists to visit Hong Kong to watch this fantastic music festival. It also tries to prove to people that Hong Kong is now SARs free and would rise again to be one of the top international tourist destinations. On July 27th 2003, the Hong Kong Stadium hosted a football match between the top class English Premiere League team Liverpool and the Hong Kong National Football Team. Following this event, the less than 2 weeks later, it again hosted another football match against the even more famous Real Madrid as the Government-sponsored mega-events of the Relaunch Hong Kong campaign. The Hong Kong Government has raised all these campaigns to prove that Hong Kong is now SARs free and is capable of hosting international mega events. Conclusion In conclusion, the government has done a great job trying to boost its tourism industry especially after the SARS epidemics. In the meantime, it has raised many campaigns and promoted Hong Kong's tourism in various ways. As most Hong Kong's economist predicted, the tourism industry in Hong Kong will hopefully bounce back to its original state by the end of 2003.

Competency Statement to Support Social and Emotional Development and to Provide Positive Guidance

Social Development and Emotional Development goes hand and hand. They are closely related . Social development refers to the young child feelings about himself or herself, the people in his or her life, and the environment in which they play and lives. Emotional developments color the experience of every young child mood. At our center we provide social and emotional security for each child. I help each child to know, accept and take pride in him or herself and to develop a sense of independence. In our preschool class we treat each child as an individual. All children have different rates of development and different personalities. As a teacher I show the children that I am very concern about them and their feeling and this helps children during their discuss times. Every morning I greet the child and their parent, I receive and give hugs too each child upon arriving and departure. In my classroom I respond quickly and calmly when children are having a disagreement, children tend to look too the teacher to help solve the disagreement. Responding quickly also help children from hurting other. (For example; John and Bob were playing car, at the block center, John wanted the car that Bob had bob would let John see the car so John took the car from Bob and hit him. I went over to John and said your friend is sad because you hit him and took his car, we do not treat our friends like that we have too learn too share and keep our hand by our side, and do you remember the book we read about hitting our friends and how that makes they sad. Also John you must learn too use you words â€Å"my turn please†. When children are unhappy because something has change in their life I like too find a book too read too cheer them up. Their were two best friends but one had to moved too another school. The friend that was left was so sad so I asked the class too share ideas of things that we could do too cheer him up. The children wanted me too read a book; I read a book about Feeling, as I read I was pointing at the different facial expression. I encourage the class too draw pictures that reflect the boys feeling and picture that would cheer him up Sharing is something we practice everyday what ever they are playing with becomes mines, mines and mines my class has a hard time sharing to encourages sharing we play lots of activities with four at each tables, for instance we do board games, art activities, we pair up and share a book, table tubs, outside we take turn riding the bikes, and sharing the balls. It is important that we use all of our resources to develop our children social and emotional skill teaching them how to interact and share with other peers.

Nursing at Maternity Unite Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Nursing at Maternity Unite - Assignment Example With the increasing revolution in the technology and the rising demands of healthcare sector has resulted into the formation of a suitable job description of nurses in this unit. When I was hired as a nurse in the maternity department of the facility, I was given a job description which included almost all those factors regarding the duties and responsibilities, which I think are essential for a nurse to perform. According to this, I was required to perform the quality nursing process with utmost safety and care. Proper nursing interventions had to be provided during the post and ante partum period, along with managing the cases of mid-trimester abortion and preparing the patients for LSCS gynecological surgeries. Standard precautions have to be taken while performing clinical practices and giving guidelines to the patients. Moreover, we, the nurses, according to our job descriptions are required to foster good relations with our staff, patients, their families and every other person who is related to us in some way or the other. Education is the most essential aspect of our job descriptions which maintains that, to be a registered nurse at the maternity unit of the hospital, it is necessary that we have the Midwife/Registered Nurse diploma or a BNS degree. It is also mandatory to hole a current license of the practice and certificate of employment in order to render our services professionally. Moreover, the completion of 3 years of clinical experience has also been made mandatory. Thus, in all the ways and dimensions, does our job description require us to show a professional attitude and maintain a standard of the nursing services (Stanberry, 2000). Recruitment and Selection Process The recruitment and selection of employees, in my opinion, is one of the vital decisions which is undertaken to maintain a good staff. In many countries, the nurses and other hospital staff is recruited very carefully, keeping in view, their quality, education and standards of wo rking in mind. At our facility, the recruitment process requires filling up a form with complete employee profile, identity, education, experiences and other proficiencies. After the processing of this form, the employees are required to submit their references, license of registration, agreements to the terms and conditions and the samples of other documents. After performing other selection essentials, the nurses are hired officially to serve in the maternity department (Ueckert & Prokosch, 2002). The interview process also requires the employees to show the best possible understanding of all the medical concepts of nursing and things related to pregnancy, childbirth, traumas and other conditions. This standard matches the requirements of the nursing ‘best practices’ and aligns the needs of recruiting nurses with the standardized procedure (NHS South East Coast’s Maternity Matters Programme, 2009). Performance Appraisal The performance appraisal of the nurses i s undertaken in our hospital at a regular basis. It is believed that

Alcatel-Lucent Success in Brazil Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Alcatel-Lucent Success in Brazil - Essay Example Alcatel-Lucent Brazil utilized various entry strategies which included adapting to the customers and industry, developing consumer confidence in the company’s products and services as well as creating and improving brand awareness in the country. In its effort to adapt to the clientele, the company researched on the various needs of its diversified customers which included government agencies, local service providers, and carriers among others. By understanding their clientele, the company was able to develop a customer portfolio specific to the client’s needs and as such adapt its products and services to its customers. Further, the company invested in building the consumer confidence as well as increasing brand awareness by using various marketing strategies such as the use of social media and TV adverts. Managing MNCs is quite a challenge to many companies as they have operations in different countries. These countries have varied cultures and value as well as other varied business environment and the poses a challenge to the company in its management (Matthews & Zander, 2007). It is thus important for companies such as Alcatel-Lucent Brazil to have an effective strategy to use in managing its subsidiaries in different parts of the world. One o0f the challenges facing the company in Brazil is that the company is in its development phase causing a lot of problems in the management and operations of the business. This, for instance, is in regards to political instability, varying exchange, and inflation rates.

Financial Managment Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Financial Managment - Coursework Example igh stock of debentures is usually considered unattractive to invest in for the reason that it has a higher risk especially in the times of financial volatility since only holders of debenture have priority over the company assets in such circumstances. Prudent financial management stipulates that, a business should not depend much on loan capital and debentures compared to equity capital unless it is only being employed for a very short period of time. However, these kinds of ascertaions are highly challenged by Modigliani and Miller (MM). In fact their basic hypotheses states that, in an efficient market, the nonexistence of bankruptcy costs, asymmetric information, taxes and agency costs, the business’s value is not affected by the manner in which that business is financed. According to MM, it doesn’t matter whether the capital of the firm is raised through selling debt or issuing stock. They further state that, the dividend policy of the firm also does not affect it s value. Actually, the argument of MM is straightforward; the cash flows that a corporation can make for all investors are all the same despite the capital gearing. According to them, changing the capital gearing does not in any way alter the firm’s general cash flows (Modigliani & Miller, 1958). b) Factors to consider when raising capital through preference and Debentures i. The Board Operation Although preference shares do not have much effect on the company’s management, debentures do have. This is based on the fact that, a business with external investors needs to be run in a manner that goes in line with the aspirations of debenture holders. With this in mind, it may be quite impossible to manage a company where the lifestyle of directors is the only central part behind the business... This paper approves that the company’s declared objective is to maximize shareholder wealth. In principle, a variety of dividend policies is consistent with this aim depending on factors such as the tax position of the clientele and whether dividend policy has been used to convey information to the market. Pavlon has followed a remarkably consistent dividend policy, adhering to a constant payout ratio. At the time of listing, it would presumably have stated its dividend policy in its prospectus and unless specified otherwise, shareholders would have been justified in expecting continuation of this policy. A switch in dividend policy so soon after listing is certain to offend at least some portion of its clientele. This essay makes a conclusion that The stand point of Director C is based on the argument that all shareholder amounts and returns on investments should always be ploughed back to create more wealth. Besides, his argument to maintain dividend is aimed at boosting more capital for the company and evade on paying taxes on some taxable dividends. For instance, the Director seem to have considered the rate of taxes on both capital gains which at times is not taxed and dividends which are usually taxed at the incomes marginal rate. However, with this process shareholders stand too loose more than if they were given the dividends. First, continuously retaining shares in the company without a close follow up on the performance of the company may create a scenario where the company managers will be having easy cash at their disposal to squander.

The soul is the prison of the body (Foucault, 1979). Critically Essay

The soul is the prison of the body (Foucault, 1979). Critically examine the argument that psychology is a performative practice - Essay Example Children are introduced to certain social activities that they slowly pick up and can adapt. For instance, introducing a young child gradually to a certain religion, taking them to language classes, or showing them a particular sport that they should play. All habits that are instilled into the young child are indeed integral to how he will grow and develop mentally. The child will perceive life in a certain way and consider things using a particular thought pattern that is different (Walsh et al., 2014). This is how performative psychology comes into play as the child is programmed to take up a particular role. It is a proven fact that by regularly practicing something, one will develop such things into his personality. This is why different people have different characters. This is because by doing certain things over a period; they eventually pick that up in their personalities and become what they constantly do (Butler, 2009). It all has to do with performing or playing a particular role. With time, one finds that it is a habitual thing and a part of his personality. This is how performative psychology comes into play. Every part of a person’s personality is gradually introduced into them through their thinking pattern. A practical example, for example, is from the television programmes that bring children up watching. Many children from the 70s, 80s and early 90s watched many kids shows. One of these was the Sesame Street programme. It was a programme where the children learnt many concepts in simplified methods. Characters such as Big Bird, Elmo, Miss Piggy, Kermit, Ernie, Bert and many others, influenced the children. Each of these characters played a particular role and taught the children certain values or introduced them to a certain way of thinking. The children were probed about certain things like ability to count, ability to recite the alphabet

Sab 334 unit 8 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sab 334 unit 8 - Essay Example Without doubt, women sports will become a core agenda in the sports fraternity contrary to the present preoccupation where men dominate the field. Title IX was a great milestone in ensuring a proper representation of all sexes in the activities that receive federal funding. As a portion of the Educational Amendments of 1972, the provision totally bans the exclusion of anybody from participation of any program that receives federal aid (Suggs, 2005). The success of this enactment in achieving gender parity has indeed been realised in several sectors of life in the United States. However, most people are not normally aware of the limits of this act and in most cases its execution is normally hampered by the lack of information. The challenge in the implementation of Title IX came with the general feeling that it was seen to compromise the quality of certain sports like athletics where male dominance was seen as a core revenue earner for the United States. On that regard, several amendments were proposed to exclude certain sports from the general coverage of this enactment in order to ensure male dominance in these areas. Whichever the case, challenges normally emerge in this implementation as the provision affected the sports teams’ representation in most colleges across the country. The implementation of the enactment was further limited by the initial feeling that most school programs were not affected. However, Title IX covers all educational institutions and therefore requires that all college teams and their gender representation to be made open in order to determine the aspects of gender representation. Rampant sex discrimination dominated most fields like math and science education and in sports activities. In that respect, Title IX applies to all schools that receive federal funding. All the activities in such schools like sports are also included in this enactment even though they do not receive

Lulu PLC Clothing Manufacturing In China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Lulu PLC Clothing Manufacturing In China - Essay Example Manufacturing in China Rapid economic growth and industrial development has been witnessed in China in the recent past. China is ranked third from the U.S and Germany in the rankings of world’s trading nations. Business organizations intending to exploit business opportunities in China has a mandatory task to understand the prevailing business environment as this may have profound consequences in business development. Cultural and political environment in particular greatly affect any business performance. The government of the People’s Republic of China has over time developed a market economy in the system, which is dominated by socialist characteristics. Socialism in China advocate for collective or state ownership of economic resources and their distribution. Equal opportunities to all characterize the mode of production. This poses a challenge to Lulu Company in that it may take time before adjusting to the common ownership and sharing of production resources. There are two major market trends that are emerging in China’s market that are likely to affect Lulu company’s operations. These are regional integration and world multi-polarization. The NDRC has a plan that is meant to better manage her Foreign Direct Investment in the economy. This plan monitors the national security investment as well as foreign investment. From the policies sighted in the plan, China is advised to give room to foreign investors to own domestic enterprises. This, on the other hand, would work as a boost to Lulu PLC Company’s plan to establish a manufacturing plant. ... This plan monitors the national security investment as well as foreign investment. From the policies sighted in the plan, China is advised to give room to foreign investors to own domestic enterprises. This, on the other hand, would work as a boost to Lulu PLC Company’s plan to establish a manufacturing plant. China’s government has been on the forefront in providing equal treatment to both local and foreign countries interested in engaging in business activities with her. This is equally an advantage to the company’s proposal (Chu, 2010, p.5). Hard work, moral uprightness, social life structures and family institution are some of the basic cultural dimensions a company must face whenever she intends to venture into China for business. As earlier noted in the political governance, social collectivism is a major aspect in the country. This means that our company must be in a position to face the aspect of social cooperation. This must be put in consideration in th e decisions regarding the kind of products to develop for such groups as the family, schools and also on the management control systems to be adopted. The company must design management control policies most suited in collective working as opposed to individual units (Sebenius and Qian, 2008, p.5). Lastly, the clothing industry has been invaded by the advancement of ICT. China as a country has not been left aside. Accesses of niche markets and the development of higher value design and logistics are the main emerging trends in the industry and thus any competitive company must consider this. Lulu PLC Company must thus consider technological advancement in her move to establish the manufacturing facility in China (McNamara, 2008). Setting Up a Manufacturing

Robert Mondavi and the Wine Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Robert Mondavi and the Wine Industry - Essay Example However, owing to the economic downturn the sales of wine had reduced over the tenure of six months. Moreover, the company has been facing several threats from various sectors of the society both at national and international level. The economic downturns have affected the wine market leading to a fall in the sales of wine over the tenure of the past six months. The company has been planning to change the strategy so that it can increase the sales of the company and ensure long term sustainability. However, it was noted that the Robert Mondavi’s wine industry to maintain the high quality of the wine used grapes from the personally owned vineyards. It has also been observed that the cost of land acquisition has also gone up, which has led to the increase in the cost of production. Conversely, the company even has an intangible strength of being innovation oriented. This initiates the ability of the company to enhance their quality as per the changing taste and preferences of the consumers. This would help the company to meet their sales need in the long run. Providing quality as per the preferences of consumer is an important consideration fo9r the business sustainability (Roberto 1-32). Contextually, Mondavi in order to maintain their competitive advantage should be selecting a particular segment and then market their product. This would help the company to gain a profitable index providing the company with brand equity and incorporate the culture of innovation. Since, the company is inclined towards producing high-quality of wine it would be able to meet the changing needs of the consumers successfully. In order to develop its productivity the company should provide clarity to their product. This would enhance their share in the US market. Moreover, with a positive trend in the growth of wine consumption the company can claim its competitive advantage in the long run.

Health Education and Technology Essay Example for Free

Health Education and Technology Essay According to Bastable, â€Å"Technology has had such an impact on workforce training that it has given birth to a new industry and a new set of buzz words that define an Information Age approach to staff education. † (2007, p. 548) Thus, the inclusion of technology early on, as in its integration to education, has been deemed necessary. However, due to the evolution of technology, curriculum design and implementation in the field of health education will undergo a series of changes and modifications. These various changes will be determined based on the outcomes of technological evolution, the perceived potential of technology to change the landscape of health education in the future, and the educational theories, principles, approaches, etc. developed by respected members of the academic institution through research studies. According to Iwasiw, Goldenberg, and Andusyszyn, â€Å"Curricuralists should gather data about technology and informatics for health care and education, as well as expected developments† (2008, p. 13) Based on pertinent information gathered by academicians, the focal point and foundations of curriculum design are expected to change. Apart from the traditional contents of the curriculum, the scope of curriculum design should be broadened in order to include the â€Å"e-health paradigm of heath care† (Iwasiw, Goldenberg, Andrusyszyn, 2008, p. 113), literacy in information technology, health education across disciplines, and health education in the changing world. In addition, due to the impact and contributions of technology to the field of health, allowing the course nursing informatics to become compulsory will help in opening up opportunities for the improvement of curriculum design through the undeviating inclusion of technology and informatics. When we think about it, making nursing informatics compulsory makes the course an important learning area or aspect of health education. Consequently, much needed attention will be diverted to the improvement of the course by making course objectives, contents, instructional processes, and so on, up-to-date. Thus, the quality of health education, due to its appropriateness with current technology, will also improve. Just as curriculum design changes due to the evolution of technology, the implementation of the curriculum during instruction is also expected to change. As Bradshaw and Lowenstein (2006) have discussed, the delivery of the curriculum as influenced not only by traditional concepts in education but also by technology â€Å"require organized and planned educational experiences that are guided to promote lifelong learning as well as individually motivational and experiential learning activities that involve a variety of experiential teaching methods† (p. 272). Due to the inclusion of technology in the curriculum, the process of instruction will become more complex such that the assessment of the students and the selection of instructional tools, methods, and approaches are not merely based on student interests, learning capacities, learning content, etc. but also on the kinds of technology that fits the curriculum content. (Bradshaw Lowenstein, 2006) In terms of the instruction, the instructional process is facilitated by the use of technology. However, when it comes to learning content, the integration of technological concepts become necessary. In addition, the scope of learning content also varies from time to time since available technological tools and devices intended to facilitate heath education and health care processes change over time. For these reasons, diversity and variation should be accepted and acknowledged by academic institutions since the curriculum design and the implementation of the curriculum shall change along with the evolution of technology along the way.

Be a Better Person than Yesterday

Be a Better Person than Yesterday How has been lifelong learning molded me into who I am today and who I will be tomorrow? Today I am a better person because of what I have learned yesterday and with this growth, I will be a better person tomorrow. Day to day living is also day to day learning, everything I do and to everyone I interact with I have an opportunity to be enlightened in my wisdom. I believe that learning starts at the moment of conception when the sperm and egg meet dynamics begins and so does the learning. During development, I was programmed from the DNA that my parents had contributed and from their parents and from theirs and so on. Some of the earliest learning experiences that I can faintly remember would be potty training. The countless hours that my parents had invested in me had pain off so that I am able to potty in a toilet, this is important so that I can be like that of my friends. Having Family that interacts on a daily to a weekly basis gave me insight on the culture that my parents came from, lessons on cooking that great Italian spaghetti to growing vegetables and fruits down on the farm. Growing up in Catholic schools set the standard for my values and morals, being polite and addressing an adult in the appropriate manner. Other lessons like shoe tying and how to use your handkerchief to counting and knowing the alphabet. School gave me the basic skills needed to interact in the world around me and to help me better learn the lessons that the schools do not teach. Having teachers that truly loved what they were doing and sometimes not ever knowing the results of how students moved on and what succe ss may have come from their work. Grade school and high school furthered my basic skills and started to give me some insight to what I might do as a grown up, along with the skills on continued learning habits. Having an English teacher that saw my hidden talents in poetry used that as a tool to sharpen my skills in writing and grammar and to the gym teacher who pushed me to be the true athlete that I could be. My music teacher who wanted the best for me when it came to singing and never gave up and made the extra time after school to help make improvements to my awesome vocals. The principle that wanted so much to punch me because at times I would push his buttons gave me insight on how to deal with kids like me. My coaches made me strong and brave, quick thinking and agile. Having friends that had some of the same morals and values as me helped in keeping me out of trouble or going in the wrong direction. Going to church and having faith has kept me humble at times when I thought too much of myself. Helping those that were less fortunate than myself get clothes and food, and to help the elderly people that needed yard work done or heavy things moved in the house. Faith gives me the strength in troubled times or when things are going in a direction that I am not sure of. Taking classes to a Christian councilor for married couples had helped in being compassionate for others and teaches how to be a loving person. Living in a small town has its perks; we have the ability to know a large majority of the people that live in the community. I had been raised not only by my parents and family but by the neighbors and those that lived in the community. Active as I was in school sports and church events many people knew me, so I had lots of people looking out for me. Growing up in this small town I had become a key figure among the younger kids, they looked up to me and knew that they would be safe around me. One event that had recently come to light is when a young woman had posted on a popular website on how I would take kids ice skating in the winter and when one of the little children had fallen and hurt her head badly I had carried her all the way home. This event had brought to my attention that so many of these life events had been training me for the job that I have today, and what I plan on doing for the rest of my life. I have also spent four years in the Air National Guard and learned some great organizing skills and mechanical and electrical troubleshooting skills. Training in the military gives you the leadership skills needed to teach and train those that want to learn along with tools to help anyone that needs help. I went into the law enforcement field after time in the guard and acquired skills for dealing with people in difficult situations and how to deal with people when they are at their worst and how to maintain order in chaotic situations. I had training in keeping your temperament intact when everything around you is in complete disorder. Having decided to go back to school to get more education to further myself in my career in working with teens and children with autism has been a learning experience in itself. Lifelong learning is and will always be a major part of my life. We can learn from each other in a school setting or in real life experiences if we pay close attention to the world around us. Everything we do and everyone we come in contact with can teach us something about ourselves and something about the world. In the past ten years, I had really taken a closer look at myself to really get to know who I am, and what it is I am to do to cause a change in the world. I have found my gift and with all the events that have happened to me taught me and molded me into the person who I am today. Tomorrow I will be a different person only by opening up my mind and learn everything that there is to learn for a better tomorrow. Taking the opportunity of online learning has given me a better outlook of who I am and the confidence that I need to continue on in getting a master degree in psychology. I had to drop the attitude I once carried about school and the classes that I have to take even though I dont see the need for it now. All these things help in making lifelong learned a vital part of my life, which in turn I hope to make it a vital part of someone elses life.

Graduation Speech: Dedicated to Our Soldier-Parents :: Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

Eighteen years ago 134 young souls breathed life for the first time. We all have come from different places with no way of knowing that one day we would all end up being on the same stage together. Unlike most of the Class of 2012 in the States none of us here went to elementary school together, or middle school, or even all of high school. We come from a very different life experience than most. Most of us have never been the same place for more than a few years. That's only one of the many differences we have with our peers stateside. Another major one of course is the fact that we have spent most our high school lives in Europe. We live in a foreign country with different laws, a different language, and different customs. Many of us have also had the opportunity to travel to numerous countries around Europe and experience those societies as well. In an increasingly globalized world I believe because of our experiences with foreigners that my classmates and I are much better prepar ed to move out into the real world than any other graduating class anywhere in the States. Some of you may think that that is a bold statement and that's because it is, but it's the truth. My classmates and I have walked a path that has never been walked before. We have been forced to deal with a deployment from a deployment. We are all deployed to Europe and then we are forced to live our lives as normal as possible in this foreign land while we have parents deployed again to Iraq and Afghanistan for at least a year at a time. We have to mature faster and take on greater responsibilities than average teenagers. While a parent is deployed we go day to day trying to make it through school, extra-curricular activities, and community involvement, all while knowing that our parent-soldier could be getting shot at in a combat zone and that today—might be the day we find out we will never hear from them again. Tonight we are in the presence of true heroes, men and women who are willing to put their lives on the line; who are willing to suffer through year away from their family, all to help an oppressed society enjoy the very freedoms that we so often take for granted. These heroes also happen to be our parents, the people who have suffered through us the longest and somehow they still find it in their heart to stick around, I don't know how you do it.

My Hair and I Essay -- Personal Narrative Writing

My Hair and I At some point in a woman's life, she is, if like most women, unhappy with her hair. A woman with straight hair wishes for curly ringlets. A woman with curly hair wants stick-straight locks. Thick and coarse desires to be fine and thinner. Fine and thin begs for thick hair. I was one of those women. My hair has an energy, personality, and life of her own. I refer to my hair as "she" because, although by technical definition my hair is not a separate living being, and although I have no proof of her life to show others, I know that she not only grows and reproduces (two characteristics by which many measure life), but she responds to stimuli, shows emotions, and can reason. For much of my life, my hair and I were diametrically opposed in appearance, personality, and temperament. On my head is a thick mane of jet-black coarse curly hair. Each hair is muscular, with enough heft and hutzpah to hold a 5-pound dumbbell. I, in contrast, am a very petite girl with the arm strength of a gnat. My hair is wild. I am demure. My hair is boisterous, I, except occasionally, am composed. My hair is an extrovert, gaining energy from those around her. I am an introvert, preferring to curl up with a good book. For many years, I coveted anyone's hair that was anything that my hair wasn't. Despite our differences, we have come to a mutual understanding. And, now, I can say, with some confidence, that my hair and I are friends, not just forced to be together because of genetics. But I can admit this only after years of hard lessons and experience. I can't remember the day my hair and I parted ways. We used to get along when we were young! Displayed in the ponytail fountain on top of my head, she was quite cooperative.... ...at night, I loved my hair, every single strand of it. I loved her ability to be straight or curly, sleek and sexy or fun and bouncy. I found myself brushing my hands through my hair, and she cherished the affection. I bought every hair product Pamela used in my hair, hopeful I could shape my hair myself. And, although it took a few weeks to learn Pamela's styling techniques, my hair and I quickly found a rhythm. We realized we didn't have to be enemies. We experimented with dozens of different hairstyles, lengths, products, and appliances, and my hair was amused by all of them. As much as possible, I tried to enjoy her assets, and she tried to respect my needs. Of course, occasionally, my hair would turn her mood at an inopportune time, but I was no longer caught by surprise when this happened. My hair and I have happily co-existed like this for many years.

The Importance of Safety in Maintaining Good Health Essay -- utilizing

Utilizing safety precautions is among the factors of obtaining a high degree of physical wellbeing. Facebook posts, blogs, personal experience, and the news are just some of the sources where you hear stories about children, young adults, and grown adults who end up physically hurt, hospitalized and sometimes even dead due to the fact that they were not utilizing safety precautions. Utilizing safety precautions is something everyone is capable of. Those who ignore or choose not to utilize safety precautions are often categorized as adolescents. â€Å"Teen alcohol use kills about 4,700 people each year, more than all illegal drugs combined† (CDC). The Century Council says about 43% of teens that drinks do so at a party that is supervised by parents. Often time’s people develop religious belief through their parent or guardian, it was the way their parents were raised, the way the child was raised and the chain usually continues. Parents or guardians with religious faith often refrain from the use of alcohol because their religion or church is not in favor of it, or of their own personal conviction. Parents who refrain form alcohol because of their religion would expect the same of their children. Because of the religion they possess, no party with alcohol would be in the house of those parents, resulting in their child refraining from alcohol use, and thus being able to think while sober and utilize safety precautions. As well as having a sober mindset and implementing safety precautions the adolescents personal religious beliefs, and convictions would refrain them from making choices that would put them in a situation where their safety is at risk. Those with religious beliefs appear to be making choices consistently and rationally thu... ...n[uk]. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Apr. 2014. . "Washington State University." Wellbeing. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Apr. 2014. "What We Believe." The Salvation Army. The Salvation Army, n.d. Web. 02 Apr. 2014. . White, Martha C. "5 Reasons Your Job Is Making You Miserable." Business Money 5 Reasons Your Job Is Making You Miserable Comments. Time Magazine, 28 Oct. 2013. Web. 02 Apr. 2014. . "Why Tim Keller Wants You to Stay in That Job You Hate." Interview by Andy Crouch. Christianity Today. Christianity Today, 22 Apr. 2013. Web. 2 Apr. 2014. .

Ib Math Sl Type 1

Purpose of Investigation The purpose of this investigation is to find out the general trends of the Olympic gold medal height each time the event is held. It also could be used to predict the next gold medal height in the upcoming Olympic events. We could know as well what functions can be used to plot the graphs. People could also analyze the pattern of rise or decrease in height of the winning height in the Olympic game. This investigation also allows future participants to find out information about previous gold medal heights and can make them easier to set targets for their performance in the Olympic Games. a. b.The function I used for constructing this graph is Gaussian. Because from the list of functions in the graph-constructing program, the Gaussian function is the most accurate shape when plotted according to the data given which is the statistics of height of gold medalist for men’s high jump in the Olympic. The technology I used to plot all the graphs is Logger Pro 3. 50. c. The difference is not significant after I adjust it. It can be seen from the graph itself that the shape of it is also similar. The limitation is that it is plotted on a lower values compared to the original and so it couldn’t reach the 1980 mark like the original graph. . With the technology I used, the function I find to have a similar shape is the cubic function which is the red line. There are some period that the cubic function has a higher value. Also there are some points where the two graphs meet. But in the end the cubic is lower than the original and couldn’t reach the 1980 mark. e. According to the original graph, if in the year 1940 and 1944, the estimated height will be 198. 2 and 199. 6 respectively. f. Estimated winning heights in 2984 and 2016 are 235 and 241 respectively. From the data, the winning height generally tends to rise from year to year the Olympic is held.The estimated winning heights are obtained from the graph until the year of 2016. g. My model fits well with the additional data. However, there are some points that the graph doesn’t reach according to the additional data given. h. The overall trend from 1896 up to 2008 is that the gold medal height rises from year to year, although there are some years that the gold medal height fall compared to the previous Olympic event which are in the years 1896 to 1904, 1936 to 1948, 1968 to 1972, 1988 to 1992, and 1996 to 2000. i. No modifications are required are needed to fit my model into the new data.

Globalization and Its Impact Essay

Globalization has a major impact on the management of human resources in developing countries like India. The roles and responsibilities of Human Resource Departments are transforming as the modern business faces pressures of globalization. With accelerating globalization, organizations have had to change and new trends have set in even in the management of human resources. Globalization has forced organizations and their human resources to redefine their strategies. It is necessary for the management to invest considerable time and amount, to learn the changing scenario of the Human Resource Department in the 21st century. Now organizations need to place greater emphasis on attracting human capital rather than financial capital. In order to survive the competition and be in the race, HR Department should continuously update itself with the transformation in HR. Suitable HR Policies that would lead to the achievement of the organization as well as the individual’s goals should be formulated. The prime objective of the paper is to identify issues related with Globalization and its impact on Human Resource Development. The paper focuses on a number of outcomes of globalization, which promotes human resource development. It also states about several factors that inhibit the human resource development. Finally, the paper provides few strategy recommendations to develop human resources of developing countries in a changed situation of political economy of trade liberalization. Several articles of the renowned thinkers and practitioners are consulted to get a clear concept of the topic in respect to objectives mentioned above. Besides, different other publications were also consulted to make the paper informative and objective oriented. Keywords: Globalization, Human Resource Development, Management of Human Resources, HR Challenges, HR Policies ; Strategies. INTRODUCTION: Globalization is the closer integration of the countries and peoples of the world brought about by the enormous reduction of costs of transportation and communication, and the braking down of artificial barriers to the flows of goods, services, capital, knowledge, and human resource across borders. Globalization as an effective instrument of international exchange of goods and services has to have a human face, based on ethical consideration rather than on cut throat competition. It should play a positive role in reducing economic and social disparities within and among, the nations. It should be also effective tool for improving sustainable development. In the era of globalization, with the increasing competition, locally or globally, organizations must become more adaptable, resilient, agile, and customer-focused to succeed. And within this change in environment, the HR professional has to evolve to become a strategic partner, an employee sponsor or advocate, and a change mentor within the organization. In order to succeed, HR must be a business driven function with a thorough understanding of the organization dig picture and be able to influence key decision and policies. In general, the focus of today’s HR mangers is on strategic personnel retention and talents development. In today’s aggressive global market it has become necessary for organization to expand internationally to gain competitive advantage. Globalization has forced organization and their human resources functions to redefine their strategies. It is necessary for the management to invest considerable time and amount, to learn the changing scenario of the Human Resource Department in the 21st century. In order to survive the competition and be in the race, HR Department should continuously update itself with the transformation in HR. Suitable HR Policies that would lead to the achievement of the organization as well as the individual’s goals should be formulated. HR Practitioners of every organization and also for those who have significant interest in the area of Human Resource Management should realize the growing importance of human resource and understand the need to build up effective HR strategies. Peoples are important assets. Placing this value on employees, requires the organization to emphasize on human resource practice, including reward for superior performance, measures of employee atisfaction, careful selection of employees, promotion from within, and investment in employee development. Just taking care of employees would not be enough; new HR initiatives should also focus on the quality needs, customer-orientation, productivity and stress, team work and leadership building. The researcher has thrown light on the emerging HR trends and discusses HR issues in various industries like Financial Services, IT, Power, Healthcare etc. It is valuable for practicing HR managers of every organization and also for those who have a significant interest in the area of Human Resource Management, to realize the growing importance of human resource and understand the need to build up effective HR strategies to combat HR issues arising in the 21st century. INCREASING IMPORTANCE OF HRM The human resources management approach which has been gaining the attention of management professionals during the last decade has become the need of the hour due to various reasons. Widespread industrial unrest, growing trade union influence on work force, strained worker management relationship, increasing gulf between management and their people, emergence of militancy in trade unionism, and the growing conflict in the industrial relations scene have resulted in the workers getting out of gear of the management in many organizations in India. This has made the managements to think in terms of carrying their workers with them. Convincing the workers of the management’s concern for them may, perhaps, go a long way in getting along with them and ensuring their better performance. This has naturally resulted in the present human resources movement. Humanization of work environment in countries like Japan, quality of work life movement in countries like United States, and the quality circles approach in India itself have initiated action to attain better organizational commitment among the work force. The human resources approach is in consistency with these movements. Changes in business environment have substantially affected the approach to manpower. Technological changes are prominent among them, computer revo1ution, introduction of microprocessor, CNC machines in manufacturing operations, mechanization and automation of office operations, quick communication systems like satellite communication and facsimile introduction or robots, electronic revolution, and such other new developments have revolutionized the vital areas of business. Operational efficiency or manpower must cope with such a revolutionary change in the technology which necessitated a new approach to manpower. Globalization of business is another important aspect of change which takes place in the business environment of today necessitating a human resources approach to manpower. It is not only those Indian firms operate and compete abroad, but they have to compete with multinationals and foreign firms in India itself. Business philosophy, skills, expertise, efficiency and particularly global corporate citizenship philosophy fostered by internationally successful firms necessitate Indian firms to deliberately update their perspective to suit the internationally emerging trends. In conformity with the human resources approach emerging globally, Indian managers must also foster a human resources philosophy to guide their management practices. A widespread feeling now influences at least some management practitioners that the technological development has gone to the extent of machines taking over the human jobs. For example: highly skilled milling, grinding and lathe machines are replaced by CNC machine tools which can take over, not only manual functions but even the intelligent human functions and Robots can lake up human functions in place of real human beings. Increasing influence of illusions tend to reduce the importance of human role. In fact no machine can replace man. The more the technological development, the greater would be the dependence on man. One simple error a computer makes can lead to havoc, where skill and intelligence of man are indispensable. Greater the technological development, greater skill and technical capability are required of people who operate. Obviously greater human approach to people would be required. Moreover installation, monitoring of machines, production, operation, maintenance and controlling the operations need large number of trained and skillful people. Technicians, repairers and service people are also necessary. The more the technical development and automation, the more would be the dependence on human beings. There would, therefore, be greater need for humane approach to manpower. Similarly use of more capital intensive methods would result in greater productivity of men necessitating greater motivating and greater human resources approach of management. Large scale production, increasing effects of recession, technical and technological developments and so on have opened up new training needs for the people at work. Human resources development programmes have therefore; become the need of the hour. Government policy of importing technology has also necessitated introducing new facilities and avenues for training and development. Fresh initiatives and emphasis on research and development in the realm of industry also led to a new policy of human resources development to cope with the increasing demand for technically capable people. Resultantly a need arose for a new approach to human resources.

Lead Contamination in Agro-Based Products as Current Public Health Threat in Bangladesh

Lead contamination in agro-based products as current public health threat in Bangladesh A. M. M. Maruf Hossain1*, M. Shahidul Islam2, Md. Moklesur Rahman1, Md. Mustafa Mamun1, M. Azizul Islam Kazi2, and Syed Fazle Elahi1 1Department of Soil, Water and Environment, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Dhaka; 2Analytical Research Division, BCSIR Laboratories, Dhaka. *Corresponding author Abstract: Agro-based products are primary to all human food sources. Contamination in these is also the easiest way of human health getting affected in large scale. Among the myriad of agro-based products, commercially produced milks and eggs were sampled. Chicken eggs were sampled from Dhaka and its nearby other seven districts covering the central region of Bangladesh. Dhaka, Narsingdi, Kishoreganj, Mymensingh, Tangail, Gazipur, Narayanganj, and Munshigonj were selected for the study. Twelve eggs were randomly sampled from each district’s egg stock market. In Dhaka, Gazipur, and Tangail’s market both brown and white colored eggs were found. Six eggs from each type were sampled from these three districts. In the rest five districts only brown colored eggs could be found. Commercial liquid milks of 13 prominent milk producers have been sampled with replication. Introduction: Poultry plays a vital role in the economy of Bangladesh in recent years. The contribution by livestock is 3% of the total GDP (BBS, 2004) and nearly 10% of the agricultural GDP (Poultry Business Directory, 2007). As food poultry provides meat and egg. An egg is a good source of energy, protein, and fat. A 50 g weighing grade A chicken egg provides estimated values of 297 KJ energy, 6g protein, 5g fat (1. 5g saturated, 2. 0g monounsaturated, and 0. 8g polyunsaturated), and 190mg cholesterol. Chicken eggs are the most commonly eaten eggs, and are highly nutritious (FAO, 2007). They supply a large amount of complete, high-quality proteins (which contains all essential amino acids for humans), and provide significant amounts of several vitamins and minerals, including vitamin A, riboflavin, folic acid, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, choline, iron, calcium, phosphorus and potassium. Again liquid milk is an important source of fat, lactose sugar, and proteins (Casein, Albumin). Egg and milk are essential contexts to our daily diet. Bangladesh has a long historical record of raising poultry under traditional backyard farming. In 1935 improved variety of birds were first introduced in the countries. In the long run it is in the early nineties that a number of private parent stock farms have started their operation to produce commercial Day Old broiler and layer Chicks. Today for commercial egg production layer chicks from these farms are being used. Commercial egg production mostly uses the layer breeds of Hyline Brown, Hyline White, Hisex Brown, Hisex White, ISA Brown, Lohman Brown, Shaver White, and Shaver 579. The prominent milk producers have their own farms in Bangladesh. They produce and market both pasteurized and UTH (ultra high temperature) processed milks. For egg and milk urban people depend completely on commercially produced products while rural people have some practice of backyard farming. As industrial and agricultural practices are not strictly regulated and maintained environment-friendly in Bangladesh, contamination can happen in many ways especially with heavy metals. For this reason a widely distributed egg samples have been collected from Dhaka and its surrounding other seven districts where industrial activities and hence pollution is most prevalent. Similarly a number of liquid milks were sampled with replication to reflect a representative picture. Materials and Methods: Sampling area for egg: The egg sampling area constituted eight districts including capital Dhaka and covered the central region of Bangladesh. Dhaka, Narsingdi, Kishoreganj, Mymensingh, Tangail, Gazipur, Narayanganj, and Munshigonj were selected for the study. Twelve eggs were randomly sampled from each district’s egg stock market. In Dhaka, Gazipur, and Tangail’s market both brown and white colored eggs were found. Six eggs from each type were sampled from these three districts. In the rest five districts only brown colored eggs could be found. The sampling area is shown in gray color in Figure 1. Figure 1: Map of Bangladesh representing the darkened study area Milk sampling: Commercial liquid milks of 13 prominent milk producers have been sampled with three replications in each. These covered liquid white, mango, chocolate, and banana milks. Aarong – white, Aarong – chocolate, Aarong – mango, Milkvita – white, Milkvita – chocolate, RD – white, RD – mango, RD – banana, Amo – white, Amo – chocolate, Amo – mango, Pran – white, and Starship – chocolate liquid milks were selected for the study. Sample pretreatment: ? The egg samples were boiled in deionized water and after complete boiling albumen and yolk were separately oven-dried at 80oC to remove all moisture. The samples were oven-dried unless the difference between two readings of weight was found negligible. Each of oven-died albumen and yolk were treated and analyzed separately. ? A portion of the liquid milk samples were used for density measurement. Milk samples were treated and analyzed as it is. Sample preparation method: The samples were prepared by using HNO3 – HClO4 digestion (Kebbekus & Mitra, 1998). Since the samples were of organic origin with a very high organic content, HNO3 – HClO4 digestion was preferred over the more common HNO3 extraction for the determination of heavy metals. This strongly oxidizing digestion decomposes organics quickly and efficiently. Sample analysis: Analysis of all prepared samples was performed through atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). BDH standard solution was used for preparation of lead (Pb) standard curve. During the sample preparation for arsenic determination, hydrochloric acid (at least 11. 6 ml concentrated HCl for 100 ml total sample) and KI (at least 1 %) were added. For the other heavy metals no special treatments were done. Hydride vapor generation technique was used in the determination of arsenic and mercury. Chromium, cadmium, lead, and arsenic determination were done in air-acetylene flame whereas mercury determination was done in cold vapor. The lead (Pb) contamination in eggs is calculated by using the average parameter values of total 96 eggs sampled, where albumen and yolk have been studied separately in each egg (Table – 1). Table – 1: Average physical parameters for 96 egg samples from 8 districts Average physical parameter |Average |Standard error | |Whole weight of eggs, g |55. 5098 |0. 7590 | |Shell: albumen: yolk ratio |1: 4. 8672: 1. 9775 |NA | |Albumen raw weight, g |34. 4401 |- | |Albumen moisture content, % |84. 0603 |0. 1512 | |Albumen dry weight, g |5. 900 |- | |Yolk raw weight, g |13. 9930 |- | |Yolk moisture content, % |51. 3656 |0. 1616 | |Yolk dry weight, g |6. 8054 |- | The lead (Pd) contamination in comme rcially produced chicken eggs in Bangladesh is presented in Table 2 (average dry weight basis). Revise SPSS with all new â€Å"data† Table – 2: Pb contamination of chicken eggs in Bangladesh Sample classes |Pb in Egg albumen |Pb in total |Pb in Egg yolk |Pb in total |Total Pb in each |Pb in total egg | | | µg/g |Egg albumen | µg/g |Egg yolk |egg (albumen + |(albumen + yolk), | | |(dry weight) | µg |(dry weight) | µg |yolk),  µg | µg/g | | | |(dry weight) | |(dry weight) | | | | |Values for 6 |5. 905 |30. 6918 |18. 3190 |124. 6680 |155. 3599 |12. 6356 | |Brown Egg |samples | | | | | | | |(Dhaka) | | | | | | | | | |St. error |1. 1043 |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ |4. 439 |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ | |White Egg (Dhaka) |Values for 6 |11. 1847 |61. 4041 |6. 4769 |44. 0777 |105. 4818 |8. 5790 | | |samples | | | | | | | | |St. error |1. 7396 |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ |2. 627 |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ | |Brown Egg (Narsingdi) |Values for 12|10. 4818 |57. 5453 | 15. 0153 |102. 1849 |159. 7302 |12. 9911 | | |samples | | | | | | | | |St. error |2. 3770 |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ |3. 458 |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ | |Brown Egg |Values for 12|9. 4945 |52. 1248 |10. 6030 |72. 1574 |124. 2822 |10. 1080 | |(Kishoreganj) |samples | | | | | | | | |St. error |0. 5917 |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ |0. 7616 |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ | |Brown Egg Mymensingh)|Values for 12|9. 4769 |52. 0279 |5. 7009 |38. 7969 |90. 8248 |7. 3869 | | |samples | | | | | | | | |St. error |1. 1593 |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ |0. 6024 |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ | |Brown Egg (Tangail) |Values for 6 |11. 565 |60. 7000 |5. 4060 |36. 7898 |97. 4898 |7. 9290 | | |samples | | | | | | | | |St. error |4. 4361 |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ |1. 8938 |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ | |White Egg (Tangail) |Values for 6 |11. 3587 |62. 594 |0. 7730 |5. 2602 |67. 6197 |5. 4996 | | |samples | | | | | | | | |St. error |2. 4524 |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ |0. 4713 |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ | |Br own Egg (Gazipur) |Values for 6 |6. 8734 |37. 7349 |1. 755 |11. 4023 |49. 1372 |3. 9964 | | |samples | | | | | | | | |St. error |2. 0868 |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ |0. 6178 |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ | |White Egg (Gazipur) |Values for 6 |5. 9167 |32. 4825 |2. 2874 |15. 666 |48. 0491 |3. 9079 | | |samples | | | | | | | | |St. error |2. 1738 |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ |1. 2855 |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ | |Brown Egg |Values for 12|0. 7702 |4. 2285 |5. 4222 |36. 9002 |41. 1288 |3. 451 | |(Narayanganj) |samples | | | | | | | | |St. error |0. 4071 |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ |1. 9852 |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ | |Brown Egg (Munshigonj)|Values for 12|11. 3360 |62. 2346 |8. 8177 |60. 0079 |122. 2426 |9. 9421 | | |samples | | | | | | | | |St. rror |2. 3649 |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ |2. 7654 |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ | Maximum permissible limit in chicken meat is 0. 1  µg /g and in chicken fat is 0. 1  µg /g(1). The average statistics for all egg samples are presented in Table 3 . Table – 3: Statistics of all egg samples |Total sample number |192 | |Mean |8. 1611 | |Std. Error of Mean |0. 5253 | |Minimum |ND* | |Maximum |34. 5637 | * = Not detected The average lead (Pb) contamination picture in commercially produced liquid milks in Bangladesh is presented in Table 4. Table – 4: Pb contamination picture in liquid milks in Bangladesh |Sample classes |Average density |Volume as packed, mL|Average Pb |Standard error |Average total Pb | | | | |concentration in | |in packet,  µg | | | | |sample,  µg/mL | | | |Aarong – white |1. 0207 |250 |0. 8102 |0. 2451 |202. 500 | |Aarong – chocolate |1. 0511 |200 |1. 5344 |0. 2675 |306. 8800 | |Aarong – mango |1. 0554 |200 |0. 9447 |0. 3961 |188. 9400 | |Milkvita – white |1. 0226 |250 |0. 9739 |0. 3212 |243. 4750 | |Milkvita – chocolate |1. 0548 |200 |1. 2925 |0. 6512 |258. 5000 | |RD – white |1. 193 |230 |1. 9657 |0. 1987 |452. 1110 | |RD – mango |1. 0523 |200 |1. 6984 |0. 4812 |339. 6800 | |RD – banana |1. 0552 |200 |1. 209 |0. 5012 |241. 8000 | |Amo – white |1. 0257 |250 |1. 4943 |0. 1246 |373. 5750 | |Amo – chocolate |1. 0577 |200 |0. 181 |0. 1789 |163. 6200 | |Amo – mango |1. 0619 |200 |0. 8997 |0. 8047 |179. 9400 | |Pran à ¢â‚¬â€œ white |1. 0256 |200 |1. 2886 |1. 0079 |257. 7200 | |Starship – chocolate |1. 0508 |200 |4. 7589 |1. 4347 |951. 7800 | Maximum permissible limit in milks is 0. 02  µg /mL(1). The average statistics for all milk samples are presented in Table 5. Table – 5: Statistics of all milk samples |Total sample number |39 | |Mean |1. 5145 | |Std. Error of Mean |0. 2165 | |Minimum |ND | |Maximum |7. 0713 | Standard for lead (Pb) content of milk and poultry products: Comparing the obtained data from the egg and milk samples with the standards set in â€Å"Codex general standard for contaminants and toxins in foods (CODEX STAN 193-1995, Rev. -2006)†, it is evident that these foods are heavily contaminated with Pb in Bangladesh. In case of both egg and milk, the average Pb levels are about hundred times higher than the maximum permissible limits whereas the maximum respective values are quite large. 1. CODEX STAN 193-1995, Rev. 2-2006. http://www. codexalimentarius. net/web/index_en. jsp 2. Kebbekus, B. B. , and S. Mitra. (1998). Environmental chemical analysis. (Blackie Academic & Professional, London). [pic]

Juvenile Correctional Officers Essay

When a person is charged for a crime that was committed and is sentenced to serve time in a facility, a correctional officer is responsible for the supervision and safety of the detainee. Correctional officers work in adult and juvenile detention centers, though in each facility their responsibilities differ pertaining to whether the detainee is an adult or a juvenile. Because of the ages of the detainees a correctional officer at a juvenile detention facility are greater than if they were dealing with adults. To understand what the differences are in regards to a juvenile, one must know, child development, punishment, and deterrence play a part in the unique situations pertaining to a juvenile detainee. Every child that commit’s a crime has their very own unique situation behind the crime. Some children were taught the crimes they commit by a trusted adult, or television. Some may have an underlying mental or psychological defect that brought them to commit the crime. There are also situations where a child was neglected, abandoned, or abused by an adult they cared about, thus bringing violence among the child. A child’s development can play a very important role in corrections. There may be a violent child that may need to be restrained or put in separate quarters to protect themselves as well as other detainees from harm. A child may also need to be medicated because of an underlying condition or disease. All of these factors can not only affect how a child is taken care of in a facility, but also before that when they are arrested and tried. All of the above factors can either help or hurt a child. If there is no proof of abuse or an mental condition, the courts may be less lenient on their charge and sentence, then a troubled child with underlying factors, in which a judge may take those factors into consideration and gives a lesser charge, House them in a mental facility instead, or provide extra programs or services to help the child once detained. Through punishment a court can show the juvenile what happens if they commit a crime and keep them off the street and from the community by taking away their freedom. Most juveniles are punished by a fine, community service, probation, home electronic monitoring, or incarceration in a juvenile detention center. While there they will be under close supervision of correctional officers and therapists in some facilities. There are occasions for serious crimes that a judge will sentence a juvenile to an adult detention center if they have been tried as an adult. The juveniles that are occasionally tried as adults are ones that commit crimes such as manslaughter, sex crimes, or murder. While a juvenile is in a detention center, they can have visitors as long as it is an immediate family member and this is usually on certain days. In some facilities, recreation, religious, and educational programs are given while they are detained as well. â€Å"Increased punishment of juveniles reduces the amount of crime they commit in a way similar to the impact punishment has for adults, according to a new paper by Steven Levitt, Associate Professor of Economics at the University of Chicagoâ€Å". â€Å"The evidence suggests that juvenile crime is responsive to harsher sanctions,† Levitt writes. â€Å"The estimated decrease in crime associated with incarcerating an additional juvenile is at least as large as the corresponding reduction in crime for adult offenders†, (Levitt, S, 1998). â€Å"In an effort to strengthen the sanctions for serious juvenile crimes, a number of states have enacted laws increasing the types of offenders and offenses eligible for transfer from the juvenile court to the adult criminal court for trial and potential sentencing†, (Redding, R, 2010). These laws are created to try and set precedent to deter juveniles from following certain crime trends and teach them what is in store for them if they do offend. Deterrence has became a popular practice in the criminal justice system. With success of a deterrence, jails and detention centers do not get overcrowded, and more money of the individual states can go to fund therapeutic programs and services to assist troubled individuals. In some instances, a juvenile can be given an opportunity to make heir offense right by attending therapy and psychological meetings, thus helping them cope with whatever issues they may have. This can aid in deterring the individual from committing a crime. Juveniles are our future and it is the responsibility of us adults to help them grow up into fine law abiding individuals and not into a life of crime. To help adults teach juveniles they , must know the juvenile corrections department and educate their children. Knowing how a child develops, how punishment can help, and ways to deter the juvenile are good practices for any parent and adult to learn. For us to safely say we raised our kids right, we must keep the world free of crime and full of love. Resources Redding, Richard, Juvenile Justice Bulletin, US Dept of Justice, Juvenile Transfer Laws, 2010, Right Margin Steven Levitt, Associate Professor of Economics at the University of Chicago, Juvenile Delinquents, University of Chicago News Office, December 21, 1998, Para. 1.

Enterprise and Entrepreneurial Management Research Paper - 11

Enterprise and Entrepreneurial Management - Research Paper Example Idea generation is the fulcrum of a solid business plan. An idea is what makes a business go forward and that idea has to be brilliant and functional. This is the starting point; it can be because someone spotted a gap in the market or saw a flaw in the products already being sold. The development of this idea into a viable product or service is the key to a successful business. Including this part in the business plan is important as it shows where you got the idea from, it will also help other people judge how powerful the idea is and how far it can go. Strategic objectives are specific and well-defined objectives over a time frame; they tell you when and where the business’s condition is supposed to be. Some examples of these objectives can be: Increase revenues by 10% annually or Decrease expenses by 15% over the next 3 months. These objectives are essential as they provide guidance to the business. They also provide a picture to investors and other professionals on where the business will be after a certain time period. They are basically goals that will help the business move forward and they will always be a guideline to measure your results and performance against. Every start-up business will have objectives but it is also necessary to prioritize them, perhaps for a new business, it will be essential at first to be financially stable so the financial objectives come first. When the business is established the objective focus can be shifted to getting more customers in. It is always good to quantify your objectives as this way you will have data to measure against. The objectives should be balanced they should not be far-fetched, be attainable but at the same time be challenging enough to make the business move forward.

Assignment 6 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

6 - Assignment Example Some of the differences between managers are leaders are that managers are administers while leaders are innovates and that managers are never original in their positions or even capacities but leaders are original (McCue & Jack 42-51). A manager tends to maintain status quo, focusses on control, and has a short-range view while a leader develops, focuses on people, inspires trust, and has a long-range perspective. Managers ask how and when, has eye on the bottom line while leaders ask what and why, and have eye on the horizon. A leader or a manager are two words that are used interchangeably to describe individuals holding formal authorities in organizations irrespective of their behavior in such positions. A manager does not necessarily exercise leadership in positions in which they are appointed even though leadership is just part of management. Generally, there are skills or traits that an effective leader is required to have as explained by various theories both old and contemporary theories. Some of the main traits that appear in leaders are ambition, zeal, intelligence, self-directive, and self-confidence (McCue & Jack 45-57). At times, physical characteristics, capability, and persona may be important aspects used to summarize what a leader is. There are six distinct characters that popular effective leaders have such as honesty and integrity. In addition, drive, motivation, cognitive ability, and business knowledge are also other characteristics of leaders. These traits would definitely distinguis h whether a manager will be an effective leader or not. Leaders are incredibly ambitious persons who are never afraid of taking inventiveness as well as people whom apart from willingness to lead, are especially ready to take charge. Furthermore, leaders usually have technical expertise in their businesses and are straightforward people who fulfill their promises. Leaders are individuals who

Economics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Economics - Research Paper Example China has become the fastest growing region for exports for the United States. China is indirectly contributing positively to the job creation in America. More exports leads to more work that is required by the labor force of America. The majority of the exports are derived from the states of California, Texas and Washington. These states are selling a lot of microchips, computer components and aircrafts. Other products that are being exported to China include grain, chemical, and transportation equipment. Part of the president’s Obama economic plan included doubling US exports by 2014. The export growth in China may allow that campaign promise to become truth. China has become the second largest importer in the world behind the United States. The United States imports $1.9 trillion compared to China’s $1.4 trillion (Barboza). Despite China’s efforts to catch the US in the amount of imports its people consume the disparity in terms of per capita consumption are s till quite large. The exports of crops are growing to China due to the lack of water and arable land. The overpopulation in China is another negative variable that is affecting the distribution of wealth in China. China has four times the population of the United States despite China being the size of Texas. Recyclable materials and paper are items that China is importing a lot. Last year New York sold over a billion dollars worth of waste and scrap to China. The main thesis of the author is that as Chinese is growing so is the nation’s demand for American made products. I agree with the author’s theory because the author showed empirical evidence that showed a clear consumption pattern. During the last decade China has been achieving double figure growth in its import to the US. Last year US exports to China grew by 32% in comparison with the previous year. There are many factors that are causing this phenomenon. The cultural impact of the American culture that is wid ely spread throughout the world with the assistance of the media has created a more consumerism society in China. China has slowly liberated itself from its one dimensional perspective concerning the liberties of its people. The Chinese people idolized the American culture which is one the reasons for the increase in exports to China. Another reason for this occurrence is the fact the income capacity of the Chinese has gone up. There is a growing middle class of Chinese consumers that are eager to spend their hard earning money. The infrastructure of China is another of the reasons why China depends on the US for crops. China cannot create sufficient food to feed its people. The one child law created in 1979 was a move that slowed down the human growth in China, but the population is still the largest in the world. China has a need for construction products such as Iron. Old junk cars are perfect raw material of iron that is in high demand in China. An increase in the amount of impo rted goods from the US gives China bargaining power in its economic negotiations since now the US is depending more on the money businesses are making by exporting to China. China has a lot to gain by becoming a bigger importer of the US. Improving its international relations with the US is beneficial for both parties. It is possible in the future that these two countries might become allies and create a free trade agreement between the two nations. This scenario is not impossible because nobody could have imagined that US

The Developing Child Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

The Developing Child - Essay Example An understanding of a child’s development is significant since it gives an insight into the cognitive, bodily, emotional, social, and educative development that a child undergoes. The major theories attempt to describe every aspect of development using models. The theory shares a school of thought that children are born with a hereditary aptitude to learn any human language. He further maintains that particular linguistic configurations, which children use so perfectly, are already embossed on the child’s intellect (Socha, 2010). Child A understands the use of different objects that he is familiar with. He even uses sound effects for his car during their play with Child B, mainly because he understood the particular configuration of a car including the sound it makes when in motion. It was evident that Child A went ahead to add two big pieces to his model and alerted Child B about his new model, the airplane. Clearly, Child A is so accurate in his design and uses previous experience to affirm his involvement. Secondly, Chomsky’s theory explains that there exists a language acquisition device or LAD in every child’s brain, which is responsible for encoding the major principles of a language, and its grammatical structures. Every child uses LAD to form simple sentences during a conversation (Saxton, 2014). In the context, it is evident that Child A can use simple sentences when speaking, and does use link words in his sentences. The ability to use simple sentences confirms that the child is already aware of the basic sentence construction, and therefore, uses it to instruct Child B to run away from the monsters. This confirms the child’s grammatical understanding. Thirdly, Chomsky informs that a child doesn’t probably learn a language through mimic only, because the language that people around them speak is extremely lopsided.

Overpopulation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Overpopulation - Research Paper Example Over population reduces the ability of nature to feed its inhabitants because population expansion surpasses the capacity of land for food production; since more people require more food, water, housing, employment, education, medicine and even more fresh air (Zuckerman and David 82). Moreover, it propels people to unsustainable paths like quick extraction of resources from earth than they can maintain the existing supplies; thus, with this trend, people will deplete vegetation and affect species and animal societies in areas where these resources are mined; in addition, these exploitation is leading to lowering of the water table and the exhaustion of aquifers (Joseph). Increase of world population increases the utilisation of fossil fuels which results in global warming which melts glaciers and icecaps resulting in widespread water scarcity all over the world; similarly, global warming leads to shortage of food; therefore, over population results in scarcity of two basic elements n ecessary for human existence. Global warming in equatorial regions intensifies drought conditions, which expand desert regions in North Africa, American southwest and Middle East regions. The scorching effect has been felt in American Corn Belt and agricultural lands of Croatia, which forces agriculture to high latitudes thus decreasing yield in arid areas. Family planning has been a vital method of controlling global overpopulation since much has been achieved in the past decades. For example in Japan, the country managed to cut its birth rate by a quarter from 1951 to 1958; moreover, other countries like South Korea and Taiwan managed to lift themselves from poverty to first world standard following Japan’s example. Population growth brings about unemployment, overcrowding and environmental degradation; thus, much can be gained through stable and sustainable population (Paul 6). In addition, world desertification affects almost three quarters of land in North America and Af rica, the habitat of close to one billion people. However, the cause of desertification has been the pressure of human population leading to over-cultivation as well as over grazing of land; moreover, deforestation allows erosion of top soil. Moreover, population pressure causes the emission of two giga-tons of carbon in a year to the atmosphere because of deforestation of rainforests. Countries that have rainforests have initiated a large-scale reforestation programs in order to reverse forest loss; however, the ultimate success of the efforts require significant change in demand for slow-growth forest products and the end of financial incentives that encourage large scale deforestation. Depleting aquifers created in ace age in order to meet the water needs can result in dangerous ground subsidence like the 50 cities in north China Plain that experience destruction of surface infrastructure due to subsidence of depleted underground aquifers. Therefore, in order to alleviate water s hortage, an individual can recycle waste water as well; desalination of sea water has been in use in Australia and Middle East, there is no doubt present-day lifestyles will change and not necessarily for the worse. For instance, food should be produces locally to decrease transport costs and diet will mostly be vegetarian since it takes about 2000 to 16000 litres of water to produce a

The history of the number zero Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The history of the number zero - Research Paper Example For instance, the numbers 2011 and 211 represent two different numbers and have completely different sense. Secondly, zero is used in its form as a number itself i.e. 0. Both the above mentioned uses of zero have been exceedingly important. Yet, the two above described uses of zero cannot report historical evidence of creation of zero. It would not have been so easy for the term and idea behind the invention of the number to be widely accepted and used. The number and term zero has not been spontaneously derived concept. It took a huge period to develop the concept and use of zero as a name and a symbol (O'Connor and Robertson, 2000). Zero as a number, symbol and a concept has been indeed important and is known possibly worldwide for its significant usage. The recognition, apprehension and functioning of zero has been the fundamental of the world now that today, zero fulfils a key role in mathematics as the real numbers, additive identity of the integers, and a lot of other algebraic structures. In addition, the concept of zero can be employed in calculus, accounting, finance, statistics, computers, and particularly in today's connected world. The development of zero from being merely a placeholder to the driver of calculus has crossed centuries, and involved diverse and extensively great cognitive thinking, both in extent and scope globally (Kaplan and Seife, 2002). As a concept, zero indicates ‘nothing’ or ‘naught’. â€Å"How can nothing be something?† is a question that ancient Greeks asked themselves. Records have shown that they seemed to be uncertain about the interpretation of zero as a number. The creation and status of zero has led to philosophical and religious arguments by Middle-ages (Bourbaki, 1998). As a matter of fact, today’s Arabic number system has originated in India, but is comparatively newly developed. From the beginning, people have been labeling amounts and measures with a variety of figures and sy mbols throughout centuries, while facing difficulties in performing most elementary arithmetic computations with those number systems. A counting system had been first developed by the Sumerians as they wanted to mark and keep the accounts of the quantities of their goods such as cattle, horses, and donkeys. The drawback regarding the Sumerian system was that the system was positional which means that the positioning of a specific symbol as compared to others denoted its value. Around 2500 BC, Akkadians handed down The Sumerian system and in 2000 BC, the same was done by the Babylonians. The evolution of zero seems to have initiated from the Babylonians which has crossed may centuries and was very different from the symbol know to us today. Babylonians were the first to ideate a mark to to make it realized that a number had been missing from a column. For instance, 0 in the number 2011 expresses that there are no hundreds in that number. By that time zero did not have any symbol to denote the space. Although Ancient Greeks have brought many famous mathematicians who learned the basic principles of their mathematics from the Egyptians and they had a number system, but that system lacked a placeholder like the one of Babylonians so they could not suggest a name to indicate that empty space. They might have contemplated the name to denote that place between numbers, but there is no such evidence to draw conclusion that the symbol even